In this Act, unless the subject or context requires otherwise,–
(a) "Essential substance" means any of the following substances:-
(1) Paddy and rice, maize, wheat, millet, barley and their flour, flour and other similar food grains,
(2) Grams, mung beans, mas, lentils, chickpeas, bananas, soybeans and their flour and other similar food grains,
(3) Alas, Mustard, Sasru, Sesame and other similar oilseeds used for extracting oil and all kinds of oil,
(4) Milk and food products prepared from milk,
(5) Sugarcane and sugarcane produced therefrom, sugar and other similar substances,
(6) Cotton or woolen rags, cotton and wool,
(7) Raw jute and articles thereof,
(8) Kerosene, petrol, diesel and all types of lubricants,
(9) Iron and articles made of iron,
(10) Items required for the construction of cement, bricks, zinc sheets, etc.,
(11) Tires, tubes, parts necessary for vehicles and such vehicles,
(12) Salt,
(13) medicine,
(14) Any substance or item designated by the Government of Nepal from time to time as an essential substance.

(b) "Notified Order" shall mean the order published in the Nepal Gazette in the case of the Government of Nepal and in the Provincial Gazette in the case of the Provincial Government.

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